Working group session:
Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics
Presentation type:
15 minute Oral
Author Affliation:
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Abstract:
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important natural fiber crop in the world. Modern cultivated Upland cotton was domesticated from its allotetraploid wild accessions. However, a genome-wide and evolutionary understanding of the effects of human selection is still not clear. Here, 416 cotton accessions are genotyped by CottonSNP80K array. The phylogenetic relationship indicated that obvious differentiation is found between semi-wild relatives and modern cultivars. But the differentiation between landrace and modern cultivars is not clear implying a relatively short time of cultivar improvement. We detect 785 selective sweeps occupying 138.07 Mb of the genome and 4420 genes related to domestication by artificial selection. The candidate selected genes with putative function mainly involved in fiber development and plant stress resistance. Combined with genome-wide association and transcriptome analysis, we provide evidence showing the fiber yield is significantly improved during artificial selection. Nevertheless, the stress resistance ability in modern cultivars is decreased, which may be due to the suitable artificial planting conditions. The present study provides a genomic basis for cotton improvement and further evolutionary analysis of polyploid crops.